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Would the SSPX Be Excommunicated for Consecrating Bishops Without Papal Mandate?

Automatic excommunication, historical precedent, and the limits of ecclesial communion The announcement that the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) plans to proceed with new episcopal consecrations on July 1 has revived an old but never-settled question: if a community consecrates bishops without papal mandate, does it incur excommunication? The